Imaginative Literature and Social Changee-mail me
          LITERARY CRITICISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE

This is a list primarily of books of political, social and cultural criticism on imaginative literature, the novel
in particular - some landmarks and assorted works, mainly American
and English - a truncated and otherwise
incomplete chronology. A few texts on novel form
and technique are also included. See links for excerpts.

1858       Hippolyte Taine                          Balzac: A Critical Study

~1860    C. A. Sainte-Beuve                      Literary Criticism of Sainte-Beuve [a collection first published in 1971; edited and translated by E. R. Marks]

1863       Hippolyte Taine                          History of English Literature

1864       Matthew Arnold                           Essays Literary and Critical [published in periodicals, 1863-1864] [1906 edition]

1875       Leslie Stephen                            Hours in a Library

    1883      William Morris                              On Art And Socialism [essays, 1877-1896; collected 1999] ["Art under Plutocracy"…]

1891       William Dean Howells               Criticism and Fiction

1896       John Colin Dunlop                      History of Prose Fiction; Volumes I and II [revised by Henry Wilson, 1970]

1896       George Saintsbury                      A History of Nineteenth Century Literature

1897       Arlo Bates                                     Talks on the Study of Literature

1897       H. D. Traill                                    The New Fiction and Other Essays on Literary Subjects [reprint 1970]

1898        Leo Tolstoy                                  What Is Art? [and Essays on Art; published together, 1962]

1900       George Saintsbury                      A History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe: From the Earliest Texts to the Present Day [1902, 1904 - Vols. 2 & 3]

1903        Frank Norris                                The Responsibilities of the Novelist ["The Novel with a Purpose," "The Need of a Literary Conscience"…]

1906       Arlo Bates                                     Talks on the Teaching of Literature

1908       George Saintsbury                      A History of English Prosody from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day

1914       Emma Goldman                         The Social Significance of the Modern Drama

1915       Upton Sinclair, Ed.                      The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest [updated 1996]

1918       W. L. George                                 Literary Chapters

1920       Randolph Bourne                        The History of a Literary Radical and Other Papers

1920       Georg Lukacs                              The Theory of the Novel: A Historico-philosophical Essay on the Forms of Great Epic Literature ["The Novel as Polemic"…]

1921       Percy Lubbock                             The Craft of Fiction

1923       D. H. Lawrence                             Studies in Classic American Literature

1924       Floyd Dell                                       Literature and the Machine Age

1924       Morris Edmund Speare              The Political Novel: Its Development in England and America

1924       Leon Trotsky                                  Literature and Revolution [“Pre-revolutionary Art,” “Revolutionary and Socialist Art”…]

1924       Edith Wharton                               The Writing of Fiction

1925       V. F. Calverton                               The Newer Spirit: A Sociological Criticism of Literature

1925       Alain Locke, Ed.                            The New Negro: An Interpretation [“The New Negro,” “Negro Art and American,” “The Negro in American Literature”…]

1925       John Macy                                     The Story of the World’s Literature [revised, 1932]

1925       I. A. Richards                                  Principles of Literary Criticism [“Art, Play, and Civilisation”…]

1925       Upton Sinclair                                Mammonart

1925       Virginia Woolf                                The Common Reader: First Series [“Modern Fiction”…]

1926        W.E.B. DuBois                              The Oxford W.E.B DuBois Reader [1996] [1921-1926: “Negro Art,” “Negro Art and Literature,” “Criteria of Negro Art”…]

1926       Floyd Dell                                        Intellectual Vagabondage [reprinted, 1990]

1927       E. M. Forster                                   Aspects of the Novel

1927       Van Wyck Brooks, Ed., et al         The American Caravan: A Yearbook of American Literature

1927       Vernon Louis Parrington               Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920

1927       Upton Sinclair                                 Money Writes

1928       Julien Benda                                  The Betrayal [Treason] of the Intellectuals ["The Modern Perfecting of Political Passions," "Nature of Political Passions"…]

1928       Alfred Kreymborg, Ed., et al         The Second American Caravan: A Yearbook of American Literature

1928       Rebecca West                               The Strange Necessity: Essays and Reviews

1928       T. K. Whipple                                  Spokesmen [reprinted in 1963 with a foreword by Mark Schorer]

1930       Ransom, Tate, Warren, et al     I’ll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition by Twelve Southerners

1931        Edmund Wilson                           Axel’s Castle: A Study in Imaginative Literature of 1870-1930

1932        V. F. Calverton                              The Liberation of American Literature ["The Puritan Myth," "From Revolution to Reaction," "…Nationalism," "Liberation"…]

1932       Virginia Woolf                               The Second Common Reader ["How Should One Read a Book?"…]

1933       Granville Hicks                            The Great Tradition: An Interpretation of American Literature Since the Civil War

1934        John Dewey                                  Art as Experience ["Art and Civilization"…]

1934        Max Eastman                               Art and the Life of Action (With Other Essays) ["The Artist and the Social Engineer"…]

1934       Max Eastman                               Artists in Uniform: A Study of Literature and Bureaucratism ["The New American Literature," "The Marxian Aesthetics"…]

1934       Henry James                                The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces

1935        Granville Hicks, Ed., et al           Proletarian Literature in the United States ["Introduction," Joseph Freeman, "…Problems of Revolutionary Literature"…]

1936       T. S. Eliot                                      Essays Ancient and Modern ["Religion and Literature," "Modern Education and the Classics"…]

1936       James T. Farrell                          A Note on Literary Criticism ["Literature and Propaganda," "Left-Wing Dualism," "Marx on the Relative Aesthetic"…]

1936       Allen Tate                                     Reactionary Essays

1937       Mary M. Colum                            From These Roots: The Ideas that Have Made Modern Literature [reprinted, 1967]

1937       Morton D. Zabel, Ed.                  Literary Opinion in America; Volumes I and II. [revised, 1962]

1937       Herbert Read                               Art and Society

1938        Edmund Wilson                           The Triple Thinkers [revised, 1948; corrected, 1963] ["The Politics of Flaubert," "Historical Interpretation of Literature"…]

1939       Granville Hicks                            Figures of Transition: A Study of British Literature at the End of the 19th Century ["Socialism and William Morris"…]

1939        Bernard L. Smith                         Forces in American Criticism: A Study in the History of American Literary Thought ["The Rise of Critical Traditions"…]

1940        Roger Dataller                             The Plain Man and the Novel ["The Novel as Propaganda," "The Historical Novel," "The Social Novel"…]

1941        Joseph Warren Beach               American Fiction, 1920-1940 ["John Steinbeck: Art and Propaganda"...]

1941        Kenneth Burke                             The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action [revised, 1973] ["The Nature of Art Under Capitalism"…]

1941       Van Wyck Brooks                         On Literature Today

1941       Sterling A. Brown, Ed., et al       The Negro Caravan: Writings by American Negroes [new introduction by Lester, 1969]

1941       Edmund Wilson                           The Wound and the Bow: Seven Studies in Literature [revised, 1952]

1942       Alfred Kazin                                   On Native Grounds: An Interpretation of Modern American Prose Literature ["Criticism at the Poles"…]

1943       Herbert Read                               The Politics of the Unpolitical

1943       Edmund Wilson, Ed.                   The Shock of Recognition: The Development of Literature in the United States Recorded by the Men Who Made It;

                                                                            Volumes I and II [revised, 1955]

1946       Erich Auerbach                            Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature

1946       Alex Comfort                                 Art and Social Responsibility: Lectures on the Ideology of Romanticism

1946       George Orwell                             Dickens, Dali and Others

1946       George Orwell                             "Why I Write," in A Collection of Essays, 1954

1946       Mark Schorer                               William Blake: The Politics of Vision

1947       E.B. Burgum                                 The Novel and the World’s Dilemma

1947       Engels and Marx                         Literature and Art: Selections from Their Writings

1947       Maxwell Geismar                        Writers in Crisis: The American Novel, 1925-1940

1947       Stanley Edgar Hyman                 The Armed Vision: A Study in the Methods of Modern Literary Criticism [revised, 1955] ["The Ideal Critic," "The Actual Critic"…]

1947       Herbert Read                               The Grass Roots of Art: Lectures on Social Aspects of Art in an Industrial Age

1947       Herbert Read                               Education Through Art

1948       Walter Allen                                  Writers on Writing ["The Ends and Uses of Poetry," "The Novelist's Responsibility"…]

1948       Alex Comfort                                 The Novel and Our Time ["The Concept of Responsibility"…]

1948       F. R. Leavis                                   The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad

1948       Mark Schorer, Ed., et al             Criticism: The Foundations of Modern Literary Judgement

1949       Maxwell Geismar                        The Last of the Provincials: The American Novel, 1915-1925

1949       H. L. Mencken                             A Mencken Chrestomathy [Essays, 1916-1948] "The Critical Process," etc.

1949       Edwin Muir                                   Essays on Literature and Society [Enlarged and Revised, 1965]

1949       Wellek and Warren                     Theory of Literature ["Literature and Society"…]

1950       Gilbert Highet                               The Art of Teaching ["Authors and Artists"…]

1950       Lionel Trilling                               The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society ["The Meaning of a Literary Idea"…]

1952       Edmund Wilson                           A Literary Chronicle: 1920-1950

1952       Edmund Wilson                           The Shores of Light: A Literary Chronicle of the 1920s and 1930s ["Literary Class War," "American Critics, Left and Right"…]

1953       M. H. Abrams                               The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition

1953       Isaiah Berlin                                 The Hedgehog and the Fox [Revised, 1978]

1953       Van Wyck Brooks                         The Writer in America

1953       Harold C. Gardiner, S.J.             Norms for the Novel ["Literature as a Moral Activity, …as Fundamentally Religious, …as Inspiration"…]

1953       Maxwell Geismar                        Rebels and Ancestors: The American Novel, 1890-1915 ["Jack London"…]

1953       Gilbert Highet                               Juvenal the Satirist

1954       Walter Allen                                  The English Novel: A Short Critical History

1955        James Baldwin                            Notes of a Native Son ["Everybody’s Protest Novel"…]

1955       Joseph L. Blotner                        The Political Novel

1956       J. M. Cohen                                  A History of Western Literature

1956       Frank O’Connor                          The Mirror in the Roadway: A Study of the Modern Novel

1956        Walter B. Rideout                        The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900-1954: Some Interrelations of Literature and Society ["Class War"…]

1957       Richard Chase                            The American Novel and Its Tradition ["Norris and Naturalism"…]

1957       Northrop Frye                               Anatomy of Criticism

1957       Granville Hicks, Ed.                    The Living Novel: A Symposium [“Ralph Ellison: Society, Morality, and the Novel”…]

1957        Irving Howe                                   Politics and the Novel [“The Idea of the Political Novel,” “Orwell: History as Nightmare”…]

1957       Wright Morris                                The Territory Ahead: Critical Interpretations in American Literature

1957       Philip Rahv, Ed.                           Literature in America: An Anthology of Literary Criticism

1957       Ian Watt                                         The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson, Fielding

1957       Rebecca West                             The Court and the Castle: A Study of the Interactions of Religious and Political Ideas in Imaginative Literature

1957        Wimsatt and Brooks                    Literary Criticism: A Short History [“The Real and the Social: Art as Propaganda”…]

1958       M. H. Abrams, Ed.                       Literature and Belief: English Institute Essays, 1957

1958       Malcolm Cowley, Ed.                 Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, First Series

1958       Edmund Fuller                             Man in Modern Fiction: Some Minority Opinions on Contemporary American Writing

1958       Maxwell Geismar                        American Moderns: From Rebellion to Conformity [“Higher and Higher Criticism,” “The ‘End’ of Naturalism”…]

1959       Miriam Allott                                 Novelists on the Novel [“No Politics?” (Stendhal), “The Writer’s Responsibility” (G. Eliot), “Ethics of the Novel” (various)…]

1959       William R. Mueller                      The Prophetic Voice in Modern Fiction: Major Writings of Joyce, Camus, Kafka, Silone, Faulkner, Green

1960       Leslie A. Fiedler                           Love and Death in the American Novel [revised 1966]

1961       Daniel Aaron                                Writers on the Left

1961       Adler and Cain, Eds.                   Imaginative Literature I: From Homer to Shakespeare

1961       Wayne C. Booth                           The Rhetoric of Fiction

1961       Ihab Hassan                                 Radical Innocence: Studies in the Contemporary American Novel

1961       Mary McCarthy                            On the Contrary [“Politics and the Social Scene,” “The Fact in Fiction”…]

1961       Rubin and Moore, Eds.              The Idea of an American Novel

1962       Adler and Cain, Eds.                   Imaginative Literature II: From Cervantes to Dostoevsky

1962       Maxwell Geismar                        Henry James and the Jacobites

1962       Gregor and Nicholas                  The Moral and the Story

1962       Alvin B. Kernan                             Modern Satire [“Philip Wylie: A Specimen American Institution”…]

1962        Edwin Muir                                   The Estate of Poetry [“The Public and the Poet,” “The Natural Estate,” “Criticism and the Poet”…]

1963       Donohue and Algren                  Conversations with Nelson Algren [“Where is the American Radical?” “The Open Society”…]

1963       Northrop Frye                               The Well-Tempered Critic

1963        Vernon Hall, Jr.                            A Short History of Literary Criticism

1963       Eloise K. Hay                                The Political Novels of Joseph Conrad: A Critical Study

1963       Frank O’Connor                          The Lonely Voice: A Study of the Short Story

1963        Robert E. Spiller, Ed., et al         Literary History of the United States: History [“Fiction and Social Debate,” “The Hope of Reform,” “Battle of the Books”…]

1964       Walter Allen                                  Tradition and Dream: The English and American Novel From the Twenties to Our Time

1964        Ralph Ellison                                Shadow and Act

1964       Alberto S. Florentino                   Literature and Society: A Symposium on the Relation of Literature to Social Change

1964       Northrop Frye                               The Educated Imagination

1964       Michael Millgate                         American Social Fiction: James to Cozzens

1964       R. H. Tawney                               The Radical Tradition: Twelve Essays on Politics, Education, Literature [“Social History and Literature”…]

1966       Joseph L. Blotner                        The Modern American Political Novel: 1900-1960 [“The Novel of the Future,” “The Role of Woman,” “American Fascism”…]

1966       Gordon Milne                               The American Political Novel

1966       Scholes and Kellogg                  The Nature of Narrative

1967       Louis Kampf                                 On Modernism: The Prospects for Literature and Freedom

1967       Connor Cruise O’Brien              Writers and Politics: Essays and Criticisms

1967       Herbert Read                               Art and Alienation: The Role of the Artist in Society [“The Function of the Arts in Contemporary Society,” “Van Gogh…”…]

1967       Louis D. Rubin                             The Teller in the Tale

1967        George Steiner                            Language and Silence: Essays on Language, Literature, and the Inhuman [“Marxism and Literature”…]

1968       Jose Ortega Y. Gasset               The Dehumanization of Art and Other Essays on Art, Culture, and Literature

1968       Arthur Pollard                               Anthony Trollope’s Political Novels

1968       Mark Schorer                               The World We Imagine: Selected Essays

1969       Joseph North                                The New Masses: An Anthology of the Rebel Thirties [“The Writer and Society,” “Writing and War”…]

1969       Flannery O’Connor                     Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose [“The Nature and Aim of Fiction,” “Novelist and Believer”…]

1969       Kenneth Rexroth                         Classics Revisited

1970       Maxwell Geismar                        Mark Twain: An American Prophet [“The Enraged Radical”…]

1970       Kampf and Lauter, Eds.             The Politics of Literature: Dissenting Essays on the Teaching of English

1970       George Perkins, Ed.                   The Theory of the American Novel [“Frank Norris: The Novel with a Purpose”…]

1970       Kenneth Rexroth                         The Alternative Society: Essays from the Other World